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Chemical Properties
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White crystalline solid or powder. Odorless. Commercial product may be available a water soluble or emulsifiable concentrate.
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Uses
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Selective preemergence and postemergence herbicide used on a wide variety of food crops to control many annual broad-leaved and grass weeds.
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Uses
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Selective pre- and post-emergence herbicide. A restricted use pesticide.
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Uses
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Herbicide.
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Definition
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ChEBI: A member of the class of ureas that is N-methyl urea substituted by a methoxy group at position 1 and a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group at position 3.
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General Description
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Colorless crystals. Non corrosive. Used as an herbicide.
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Air & Water Reactions
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Hydrolyzed slowly by acids and bases.
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Reactivity Profile
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A urea derivative.
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Health Hazard
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Lowtomoderatelytoxicbyingestion-LD50varying with experimental animals; 4-hourexposure to its vapors at 48 mg/m
3
was lethalto rats; toxic properties similar to those ofMonuron.
LD50 oral (rat): 1146 mg/kg
LD50 oral (mouse): 2400 mg/kg
LD50 inhalation (rat): 48 mg/m
3
/4 h.
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Agricultural Uses
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Herbicide: Inhibits photosynthesis. Linuron is a selective, pre-emergence herbicide used to control grasses and broadleaf weeds in carrots, beans, peas, asparagus, maize, potatoes, soybeans, sorghum, wheat, bananas, coffee, cotton and ornamentals. It is also used for control of annual weeds in storehouses, roadsides, fence rows and other noncrop lands. Linuron is frequently used in formulations with other herbicides, insecticides and fungicides.
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Trade name
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AFALON®; ALIBI®; ALISTELL®; BROADCIDE 20EC®; BRONOX®; CERTOLLIN ONIONS®; CLOVACORN EXTRA®; CROP WEEDSTOP®; DU PONT 326®[C]; FF6135' HERBICIDE 326®; GARNITAN®; H 326®; GEMINI®[C]; HERBICIDE 326®; HOE 2810®; JANUS®; LANDSIDE®; LINNET®; LINEX®; LINOROX®; LINUREX®; LOREX®; LOROX®[C]; MARKSMAN 1®; NEMINFEST®; ONSLAUGHT®; PRE-EMPT®; PREMALIN®; PROFALON®; ROTILIN®; SARCLEX®; SCARCLEX®; SINURON®; STAY KLEEN®; TEMPO®; TRIFARMON FL®; TRIFLURON®; TRILIN®; URANUS® (trifluralin + linuron); WARRIOR®
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Safety Profile
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Poison by inhalation. Moderately toxic by ingestion. Mutation data reported. A selective herbicide used in farming. Vlihen heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of Cl and NOx. See also 3-@-CHLOROPHENYL)-1,1 DIMETHYLUREA.
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Potential Exposure
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Inhibits photosynthesis. Linuron is a selective, pre-emergence urea herbicide used to control grasses and broadleaf weeds in carrots, beans, peas, asparagus, maize, potatoes, soybeans, sorghum, wheat, bananas, coffee, cotton, and ornamentals. It is also used for control of annual weeds in storehouses, roadsides, fence rows and other noncrop lands. Linuron is frequently used in formulations with other herbicides, insecticides, and fungicides
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Environmental Fate
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Soil.
Linuron degraded in soil forming the common metabolite 3,4-dichloroaniline (Duke et al., 1991). In an aerobic, biologically active, organic-rich, pond sediment, linuron was converted to the intermediate 3-(3-chlorophenyl)-1-methoxymethylurea. This compound further degraded to unidentified compounds (Stepp et al., 1985).
Linuron was degraded by Bacillus sphaericus in soil forming N,O-dimethylhydroxylamine and carbon dioxide (Engelhardt et al., 1972). Only 1 ppm 3,4-dichloroaniline was identified in soils after incubation of soils containing 500 ppm linuron (Belasco and Pe
The half-lives for linuron in soil incubated in the laboratory under aerobic conditions ranged from 56 to 88 days with an average of 75 days (Moyer et al., 1972; Hance, 1974; Usorol and Hance, 1974). In field soils, the average half-life for linuron was 8
Plant.
Undergoes demethylation and demethoxylation in plants (Hartley and Kidd, 1987). Metabolites identified in carrots 117 days after treatment were 3,4-dichlorophenylurea, 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methylurea and 3,4-dichloroaniline. About 87% of the linuron remained unreacted (Loekke, 1974).
Photolytic.
When an aqueous solution of linuron was exposed to summer sunlight for 2 months, 3-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-methoxy-1-methylurea, 3,4-dichlorophenylurea and 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methylurea formed at yields of 13, 10 and 2%, re
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Metabolic pathway
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The main photoproducts initially formed in the phototransformation of linuron and chlorbromuron in aqueous solution result from photolysis, i.e. hydroxylation with release of the halide ion, and from elimination of a methoxy group. The orientation of the reaction depends on the wavelength: short wavelengths (254 nm) favor demethoxylation and photolysis in the meta position,whereas, with black light longer than 330 nm, photolysis in the para position is the main reaction observed. In soils, 4-bromo-3-chloroaniline is identified as a soil degradation product of chlorbromuron.
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Shipping
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UN3077 Environmentally hazardous substances, solid, n.o.s., Hazard class: 9; Labels: 9-Miscellaneous hazardous material, Technical Name Required.
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Incompatibilities
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Amides are incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids, and epoxides. Similar organic amides react with azo and diazo compounds, releasing toxic gases. Contact with reducing agents can release flammable gases. Amides are very weak bases but they can react as acids, forming salts. Mixing amides with dehydrating agents such as such as phosphorus pentoxide or thionyl chloride generates the corresponding nitrile
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Waste Disposal
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Incinerate in a unit operating at 850C equipped with off-gas scrubbing equipment. Containers must be disposed of properly by following package label directions or by contacting your local or federal environmental control agency, or by contacting your regional EPA office
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