Duplex S31803 S32205 2507 hot rolled No.1 finish stainless steel plate 

Product Description

 

Stainless steels are a family of iron based alloys that contain a minimum of 10.5% chromium (CR). The presence of chromium creates an invisible surface film that resists oxidation and makes the material passive or corrosion resistant (stainless). There are multiple families of stainless steel which are designed for various applications and uses. Stainless grades can be further modified to meet various processing, corrosion, temperature and strength conditions.

Duplex Description

Duplex Grades

Duplex stainless steels are extremely corrosion resistant, work hardenable alloys. Duplex stainless steel plate contains relatively high levels of chromium (between 18% and 28%) and low to moderate amounts of nickel (between 1.5% and 8%). The high corrosion resistance and excellent mechanical properties of duplex stainless steels can be attributed to their chemical composition and balanced (duplex) microstructure of approximately equal volume percentages of ferrite and austenite. Because of this duplex nature, it will display properties characteristic of both austenitic and ferritic stainless steels. Duplex stainless steels are in most cases, tougher than ferritic stainless steels. Strengths of duplex stainless steels can in some cases be double that for austenitic stainless steels.

Due to their high strength and corrosion resistance properties, Duplex Stainless Steels are used in a variety of applications such as:
• Pressure vessels, reactor tanks and heat exchangers
• Desalination plants and seawater systems
• Water transmission pipes
• Rotors, impellers and shafts in industrial equipment
•Stock washers and other equipment for the pulp and paper industry
• Absorber towers, FGD systems for air pollution control
• Phosphoric acid production
• Food, oil and gas, mining and architectural applications
• Biofuels plants

Duplex Stainless Steels combine many of the beneficial properties of ferritic and austenitic materials to provide both high strength and good corrosion resistance. Due to their high chromium, molybdenum and nitrogen contents and duplex structure, these steels offer many benefits in comparison to 300 series austenitic grades:
• High Strength - Approximately twice the level of austenitics
• Good resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion
• Excellent resistance to stress- corrosion cracking
• Good erosion and fatigue resistance
• Good weldability and increased heat transfer
• More stable pricing due to lower Ni levels than austenitic stainless grades
Duplex S31803 S32205 2507 hot rolled No.1 finish stainless steel plate

Chemical and Mechanical



 

General Properties

Duplex 2205 is a two-phase, ferritic, austenitic 22% chromium, 3% molybdenum, 5 to 6% nickel alloyed stainless steel. It is the most widely used duplex stainless steel grade and is characterized by high yield strength, double that of the standard austenitic stainless steel grades. It also demonstrates good fatigue strength, as well as outstanding resistance to stress corrosion cracking, crevice, pitting, erosion, and general corrosion in severe environments.

Applications:

• Chemical processing, transport and storage - pressure vessels, tanks, piping, and heat exchangers
• Oil and gas exploration and processing equipment - piping, tubing, and heat exchangers
• Marine and other high chloride environments
• Effluent scrubbing systems
• Pulp and paper industry - digesters, bleaching equipment, and stock-handling systems
• Cargo tanks for ships and trucks
• Food processing equipment
• Biofuels plants

Standards:

• ASTM/ASME: A240 UNS S32205/S31803
• EURONORM: 1.4462 X2CrNiMoN 22.5.3
• AFNOR: Z3 CrNi 22.05 AZ
• DIN: W.Nr 1.4462

Corrosion Resistance:

• Due to its high chromium, molybdenum, and nitrogen content, Duplex 2205 demonstrates superior corrosion resistant properties to 316 and 316L in most environments
• Chromium, molybdenum, and nitrogen content also provide high resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion, even in oxidizing and acidic solutions
• Resistant to chloride stress corrosion cracking and temperatures of up to about 302°F (150°C)
• The presence of ferrite provides for good performance of Duplex 2205 in caustic environments

Heat Resistance:

• Similar to other duplex stainless steels, Duplex 2205 has good oxidation resistance at high temperatures
• Subject to embrittlement when exposed to temperatures above 572°F (300°C) even when exposed for short periods of time; Duplex 2205 is therefore not recommended for use above 572°F (300°C)

Welding Characteristics:

• Possesses good weldability
• Should not generally be welded without filler metal as this may result in excessive ferrite

Heat Treatment:

• Annealing temperature range is 1868 to 2012°F (1020 to 1100°C)
• Cannot be hardened by heat treatment - but Duplex 2205 does work-harden
• Special consideration is needed to compensate for a higher coefficient of thermal expansion to avoid warping and distortion

Processing - Hot Forming:

Most Duplex 2205 producers recommend a maximum hot forming temperature between 2010 and 2100°F (1100 to 1150°C). If the shape of the work piece is not compact, the edges may be significantly cooler than the bulk, and there is risk of cracking in the cooler regions.

Processing - Cold Forming:

Duplex 2205 has shown good formability in a variety of fabrications. The high strength of Duplex 2205 can pose problems. Even when the equipment has sufficient power, allowance must be made for higher spring-back caused by the grade's high strength.

Machinability:

Duplex 2205 is somewhat more difficult to machine than the 300 series austenitic stainless steels. Higher cutting forces are required and more rapid tool wear is typical. Some guidelines for machining are: A) Use powerful, rigid machines with extremely strong rigid mounting of tools and work piece, B) Minimize vibration by keeping the tool extension as short as possible, C) Use a nose radius on the tool, no longer than necessary, for carbides that have a sharp edge while still providing adequate strength, D) Design machining sequences to always provide for a depth of cut below the work hardened layer resulting from the previous passes.
 

General Properties

Duplex 2304 is a 23% chromium, 4% nickel, molybdenum-free duplex stainless steel whose structure is a balance of ferritic and austenitic. It has general corrosion resistance similar or better than Alloys 304L and 316L but with yield strength nearly double that of austenitic stainless steels. Its duplex microstructure and low nickel and high chromium contents also allows Duplex 2304 to demonstrate improved stress corrosion resistant properties compared to 304 and 316. It is typically suitable for all applications in the -58 ^o F to 572 ^o F (-50 ^o C to 300 ^o C) temperature range and is designed to feature high mechanical strength, good weldability, good corrosion resistance, high resistance to stress corrosion cracking, good machinability, low thermal expansion, good fatigue properties, high thermal conductivity, and easy fabrication.
Specifications :  UNS S32304

Applications:

Duplex 2304 is generally used in the same applications in which Alloys 304 and 316L are used. Some examples of these applications include:

• Chloride containing environments
• Welded pipe systems within the Pulp and Paper, Chemical and Petrochemical, and Water Treatment industries
• Transportations
• Heat exchanger tubes
• Architecture, building, construction
• Pressure vessels
• Caustic solutions, organic acids
• Food industry

Standards:

• ASTM/ASME: UNS S32304
• EURONORM: FeMi35Cr20Cu4Mo2
• DIN :  2.4660

Corrosion Resistance:

• Due to its high chromium content of 23%, the corrosion resistance properties of Duplex 2304 are practically equivalent to those of Alloy 316L
• Its duplex microstructure and low nickel and high chromium contents allows Duplex 2304 to have improved stress corrosion resistance properties compared to the 304L and 316L standard austenitic grades.
• More resistant to pitting and crevice corrosion resistance that Alloy 316L
• Outperforms Alloys 304L and 316L in stress corrosion cracking resistance in chloride containing aqueous solutions
• Its corrosion rate in boiling nitric acid (65%) is higher than that of Alloy 316L
• Its high yield strength allows Duplex 2304 to perform well in abrasion/corrosion applications

Structure

• Microstructure of Duplex 2304 is very stable compared to molybdenum containing duplex stainless steels
• Contains approximately equal amounts of ferritic and austenitic in microstructure after annealing in a temperature about

Weldability

• Can be successfully welded by TIG manual and automatic, PLASMA, MIG, SMAW, SAW, FCAW
• Duplex microstructure renders the alloy less sensitive to hot cracking
• Pre-heating and post welding is not required
• Filler metal should be a balanced ferrite/austenitic type

 Machinability

• Exhibits improved machinability properties particularly when considering drilling
• Low speeds and high feeds will minimize this alloys tendency to work harden
• Duplex S31803 S32205 2507 hot rolled No.1 finish stainless steel plate

Other Common available grade : 

Stainless steel 304/304L Grade : 

Type 304/304L is the modern version of "18-8" stainless steel containing approximately 18% chromium and 8% nickel and is the most commonly specified stainless steel used throughout the world. Type 304/304L is a versatile, general purpose stainless steel with good resistance to atmospheric corrosion, and to many chemicals and food and beverages. These grades can be specified in the annealed condition where they have very good formability. Higher nickel versions can be specified to enhance multi-stage deep drawing characteristics. Higher strength, cold-worked conditions can also be specified for Type 304/304L for spring type applications. Type 304/304L is non-magnetic in the annealed condition but may become slightly magnetic as a result of cold working.
Type 304L can be dual certified as 304 when the composition meets the lower carbon limit of 304L and the slightly higher strength levels of 304. Type 304L should be specified for welded applications as the low carbon version eliminates chromium carbide precipitation and enhances the corrosion resistance in the as-welded condition.

Stainless steel 316/316L Grade : 

Alloy 316/316L is molybdenum-bearing austenitic stainless steel. The higher nickel and molybdenum content in this grade allows it to demonstrate better overall corrosion resistant properties than 304, especially with regard to pitting and crevice corrosion in chloride environments. In addition, Alloy 316/ 316L provides excellent elevated temperature tensile, creep and stress-rupture strengths, as well as outstanding formability and weldability. 316L is the lower carbon version of 316 and is immune from sensitization; therefore, it is very frequently used in heavy gauge welded components.

Stainless steel 1.4571 (316Ti)
Stainless steel types 1.4401 and 1.4404 are also known as grades 316 and 316L respectively. Grade 316 is an austenitic grade second only to 304 in commercial importance.
316 stainless steel contains an addition of molybdenum that gives it improved corrosion resistance. This is particularly apparent for pitting and crevice corrosion in chloride environments.
316L, the low carbon version of 316 stainless steel, is immune to grain boundary carbide precipitation (sensitisation). This makes it suited to use in heavy gauge (over about 6mm) welded components.
For elevated temperature applications the high carbon variant, 316H stainless steel and the stabilised grade 316Ti stainless steel should be employed.
The austenitic structure of 316 stainless steel gives excellent toughness, even at cryogenic temperatures.
Property data given in this document is typical for bar products covered by EN 10088-3:2005. ASTM, EN or other standards may cover products sold. It is reasonable to expect specifications in these standards to be similar but not necessarily identical to those given in this datasheet.

Stainless steel grade 316Ti contains a small amount of titanium. Titanium content is typically only around 0.5%. The titanium atoms stabilise the structure of the 316 at temperatures over 800°C. This prevents carbide precipitation at the grain boundaries and protects the metal from corrosion. The main advantage of 316Ti is that it can be held at higher temperatures for a longer period without sensitisation (precipitation) occurring. 316Ti retains physical and mechanical properties similar to standard grades of 316.

Stainless steel 347 grade:

Alloy 347 is a stabilized, austenitic, chromium steel containing columbium which allows for the elimination of carbide precipitation, and, consequently, intergranualr corrosion. Alloy 347 is stabilized by the additions of chromium and tantalum and offers higher creep and stress rupture properties than alloy 304 and 304L which may also be used for exposures where sensitization and intergranualr corrosion are of concern. The addition of columbium also allows Alloy 347 to have excellent corrosion resistance, even superior to that of alloy 321. 347H is the higher carbon composition form of Alloy 347 and demonstrates improved high temperature and creep properties.

Stainless steel 321/321H grade.

Alloy 321 (UNS S32100) is a titanium stabilized austenitic stainless steel with good general corrosion resistance. It has excellent resistance to intergranular corrosion after exposure to temperatures in the chromium carbide precipitation range of 800 - 1500°F (427 - 816°C). The alloy resists oxidation to 1500°F (816°C) and has higher creep and stress rupture properties than alloys 304 and 304L. It also possesses good low temperature toughness.

Alloy 321H (UNS S 32109) is the higher carbon (0.04 - 0.10) version of the alloy. It was developed for enhanced creep resistance and for higher strength at temperatures above 1000oF (537°C). In most instances, the carbon content of the plate enables dual certification.

Alloy 321 cannot be hardened by heat treatment, only by cold working. It can be easily welded and processed by standard shop fabrication practices.

Stainless steel 309 309S 310 310S grade:

The 309 stainless steel has a higher corrosion resistance and strength compared to 304 stainless steel. This product is versatile and known for its high heat treatment capabilities.Great ductility, weldability, and high-temperature properties make 310 Stainless Steel the ideal choice for projects that require service at temperatures up to 1150 degrees Celsius. Grade 310 resists oxidation and is also used at temperatures up to 1040 degrees Celsius intermittently. Similar to other austenitic steel grades, toughness down to cryogenic temperatures is another feature of 310.
Duplex S31803 S32205 2507 hot rolled No.1 finish stainless steel plate

Duplex S31803 S32205 2507 hot rolled No.1 finish stainless steel plate

Duplex S31803 S32205 2507 hot rolled No.1 finish stainless steel plate

Duplex S31803 S32205 2507 hot rolled No.1 finish stainless steel plate

Duplex S31803 S32205 2507 hot rolled No.1 finish stainless steel plate