Detailed Product Information
 
Product Name:   LL-37
CAS No.:  154947-66-7
Molecular Formula: C205H341N61O52
Molecular Weight: 4492.3g/mol
Purity :   98% HPLC
Sequence: H-LEU-LEU-GLY-ASP-PHE-PHE-ARG-LYS-SER-LYS-GLU-LYS-ILE-GLY-LYS-GLU-PHE-LYS-ARG-ILE-VAL-GLN-ARG-ILE-LYS-OH H-ASP-PHE-LEU-ARG-ASN-LEU-VAL-PRO-ARG-THR-GLU-SER-OH
Appearance:    White Lyophilized Powder
Typical use:   Anti-inflammatory Antibacterial
Shelf Life : 12month
Storage :   Refrigeration keep dry and away from light.

What is LL-37 Peptide?
LL-37 is the only known human Cathelicidin is a big protein family where the members exhibit diverse functions. These peptides, essentially produced by macrophages and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (both types of white blood cells), have bactericidal action. They have been found to have shown other substantial effects as well. The entire group is often referred to as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). LL-37 in particular has been found to play significant roles in autoimmune disease, cancer, and wound healing.
 

LL-37 AND INFLAMMATORY DISEASES
LL-37, although essentially known to be an antimicrobial peptide, is also involved in different inflammatory diseases such as lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis and atherosclerosis. LL-37 plays diverse immune system modulating behaviors based on the type of cells involved and the local inflammatory environment. It has been observed to:
- reduce apoptotic death of keratinocytes,
- improve IFN-alpha synthesis,
- suppress signaling through toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4),
- modify chemotaxis of neutrophils and eosinophils,
- trigger IL-18 production, and
- reduce levels of atherosclerotic plaques.
Interestingly, CAP-18 stimulates the immune system in a different manner depending on the trigger. Cell culture studies have highlighted the importance of inflammatory environment in determining the immune response to LL-37. T-cells, improve their inflammatory actions because of LL-37 when they are not activated but minimize the inflammatory action when already activated. The peptide appears to mediate homeostasis of immunological response thus controlling it from being hyperactive when the body is suffering from infection. It helps to control levels of inflammation in autoimmune diseases. There is a strong correlation between the levels of the peptide and the extent of the disease. Initially, CAP-18 was thought to promote autoimmune disorder but recent results have shown it helps to abate the damage. High levels of the peptide thus help to check further increase inflammation.
   
BLOOD VESSEL GROWTH
The peptide helps to produce prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in endothelial cells. In endothelial cells, PGE2 promotes the development of blood vessels via a process called angiogenesis. It is crucial to regulate angiogenesis as it impacts cancer development, stroke outcomes, heart disease, wound healing, and more. LL-37 helps to study angiogenesis in-depth to promote it in cardiac disease and discourage cancer milieu.